NMR (¹H, ¹³C, ³¹P) – Nuclear Magnetic Resonance

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is used to determine the molecular structure, chemical environment, and purity of compounds. It provides detailed information about how atoms are connected within a molecule, making it a critical technique for compound identification and structural confirmation.

MS – Mass Spectrometry

Mass Spectrometry (MS) is an analytical technique used to determine the molecular weight and structural characteristics of compounds by measuring the mass-to-charge ratio of ions. It is widely used for compound identification, impurity detection, and molecular confirmation.

FTIR – Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy

FTIR spectroscopy identifies functional groups and chemical bonds by measuring infrared absorption. It is commonly used for material identification, verification, and quality control.

SEM – Scanning Electron Microscopy

Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) provides detailed images of surface morphology and microstructural features by scanning a focused electron beam across a sample. It is widely used for surface analysis, particle characterization, and failure investigation.

TEM – Transmission Electron Microscopy

Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) enables visualization of internal structures at nanometer-scale resolution by transmitting an electron beam through ultra-thin samples. It is essential for advanced material and nanostructure analysis.

AFM – Atomic Force Microscopy

Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) provides high-resolution surface topography and mechanical property information at the nanoscale.

XRD – X-Ray Diffraction

X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) is used to identify crystalline phases and evaluate structural properties of solid materials. It plays a key role in phase identification, crystallinity assessment, and polymorph analysis.

DSC – Differential Scanning Calorimetry

Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) measures heat flow associated with thermal transitions such as melting, crystallization, and glass transitions. It is widely used for material characterization and stability evaluation.

TGA – Thermogravimetric Analysis

Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) measures changes in sample weight as a function of temperature or time. It is used to assess thermal stability, composition, and degradation behavior.

XRF – X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry

X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) is a non-destructive technique used for elemental analysis of solids and powders. It provides qualitative and quantitative information on elemental composition.

XPS – X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy

X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) analyzes surface elemental composition and chemical states.

BET Surface Area Analysis

BET Surface Area analysis measures the specific surface area of materials, which is critical for understanding reactivity and performance.

Particle Size Analysis

Particle Size Analysis determines the size distribution of particles in powders or liquid dispersions. Particle size directly influences product performance, stability, and process behavior.

Zeta Potential Analysis

Zeta Potential Analysis measures the surface charge of particles in suspension and is a key indicator of colloidal stability. It is commonly used in formulation development and stability studies.

GPC – Gel Permeation Chromatography

Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC) is used to determine molecular weight distribution of polymers. It provides insight into polymer performance and consistency.

CHNS Elemental Analysis

CHNS analysis determines the carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sulfur content of materials.

GC-MS – Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry

GC-MS combines gas chromatographic separation with mass spectrometric detection to identify volatile and semi-volatile compounds.

LC-MS – Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry

LC-MS integrates liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry for analysis of complex and non-volatile compounds.

HPLC – High Performance Liquid Chromatography

HPLC is used to separate, identify, and quantify components in complex mixtures.

ICP-OES – Elemental Analysis (Heavy Metals)

ICP-OES is used for quantitative elemental analysis, including detection of heavy metals.

Raman Spectroscopy

Raman Spectroscopy provides molecular fingerprinting based on light scattering and is used for material identification and characterization.