Damage to the muscles around your pelvis can take longer to heal, and you may walk with a limp for up to 1 year. Jrvinen M. Epidemiology of osteoporotic pelvic fractures in elderly people in Finland: sharp increase in 1970-1997 and alarming projections for the new millennium . Initially this is done by binders and sheets, followed by stabilisation using external fixation (see below). Crutches and walking aids are likely to be used as part of your recovery, and physiotherapy will be an essential part of your treatment. Methods: Unstable fracture:this usually occurs when there are two or more breaks in the pelvic ring and the ends of the broken bones move apart. Main goal of treatment is the quickest possible re-mobilization to prevent side-effects of immobilization such as osteopenia, pulmonary infections or thromboembolic events. The alternative in most cases is surgery to repair the fracture and remove any bone fragments, this could involve substantial work to make sure the bones are in the correct place. This type of fracture can cause pain when walking or sitting, along with other symptoms. What Could Be Causing Pain in Your Pelvis? Bookshelf Instead, you will use a wheelchair or walking aid to get around. For details see our conditions. Our experts continually monitor the health and wellness space, and we update our articles when new information becomes available. The pelvis is a very sturdy structure and so it requires a large force to fracture it. Oberkircher L, et al. J Orthop Trauma. When unstable pelvic fractures happen alongside other injuries, other surgeries are often necessary to stop the bleeding and repair damage. Sometimes, major pelvic fracture can affect your mobility in the long term. Putting weight on your injury wont make it worse. About 5 to 15 out of 100 people die from it. Pelvic pain isnt always a cause for concern. Im going to be blunt, because many people dont talk about the reality of medical situations in the very elderly. One fall or continued lack of compliance with early walking against medical advice can cause bones to move and result in the need for surgery. New Treatment for Fractures. The aim of this study was to assess mortality, physical functioning and quality of life (QoL) in elderly patients with pelvic ring injuries. 2019 Sep 25;10:2151459319878101. doi: 10.1177/2151459319878101. See a doctor if you suspect a pelvic fracture. The information on this page is written and peer reviewed by qualified clinicians. There are some typical patterns of unstable fractures. Treatment for pelvic fractures can be non-surgical or surgical depending on the stability of the broken bone and whether the fracture is displaced or not. Methods: All patients admitted with a pelvic fracture during a 5-year period were identified from the trauma registry. In a Hong Kong study of patients over 60 years old, the one-year mortality rate for patients with osteoporotic pelvic fractures was 12 percent and the two-year mortality rate was 20 percent. 1973 Nov-Dec. 97:97-107. Common fracture patterns include: breaks across the top of one ilium, cracks to the pubic ramus on one side, or cracks in the sacrum. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help Call 646-929-7800 or. 2005-2023 Healthline Media a Red Ventures Company. eCollection 2019. Most hip fractures occur in one of two locations on the long bone that extends from the pelvis to your knee (femur): . With a broken pelvis you cannot walk, sit or move well without pain. Of those living, 75 percent were home but 60 percent required assistance for at least one activity of daily living; 6 percent of patients had a new fracture. Signs of a pelvic fracture in older adults, Recovery timeline for a minor pelvic fracture, Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), Recovery timeline for an unstable pelvic fracture, 7 Benefits of Physical Therapy, Backed by Science, Occupational Therapy vs. Surgeons like to fix these pelvic fractures as soon as possible. Commonly confused with a hip injury, a broken pelvis is seen in two primary populations: patients with life-threatening injuries and older patients who suffer a ground-level fall. Accessed via the World Wide Web, August 22, 2009, at ClinicalTrials.gov. An unstable broken pelvis requires surgery. See the image attached. To evaluate the outcomes of patients treated for acetabular fractures in terms of Quality of Life (QoL), return to work . Co-existing fractures of the sacrum are common, but routinely misse. Osteoporos Sarcopenia. If these related injuries are treated successfully, the pelvic fracture usually heals well. In the case of major injuries, such as road traffic accidents, where pelvic fracture is likely and must be excluded, X-rays will be performed urgently to assess the state of the pelvic bones. Different types of pelvic fracture surgeries include: People who experience a severe pelvic fracture from a high-impact accident often have other injuries or internal injuries caused by the pelvic fracture that will also need to be treated. A pelvic fracture can result from a low-impact or high-impact event. All patients admitted with a pelvic fracture during a 5-year period were identified from the trauma registry. The differential diagnosis of . In addition, many structures in our body are protected inside the . [Multicentric study of patients with pelvic injury: basic analysis of the study group]. Symptoms of a hairline pelvic fracture include: sharp pain in your groin or hip area. Affected people will be pale, clammy and seriously unwell, perhaps even unconscious.It is sometimes possible to move around and attempt to walk immediately after a major unstable pelvic fracture - particularly after road accidents. 2022 Mar;8(1):24-29. doi: 10.1016/j.afos.2022.03.002. The pelvis is a ring-like structure of bones at the lower end of the trunk, comprising three separate bones on each side - the ilium, ischium and the pubic bone, which fuse together as we age . 2009 Nov;67(5):1033-9. doi: 10.1097/TA.0b013e3181bb8d6c. The purpose of this study was to investigate the management and outcome of pelvic fractures in elderly patients. There are several common patterns, which depend upon the direction and severity of the trauma. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted The symptoms of a pelvic fracture depend on how mild or severe it is. A supportive device, such as a walker or cane, may be helpful in the weeks following your injury. In addition to gait and transfer training, lower-extremity exercises should be started early in the patients stay, as most patients will not be able to walk far enough to restore their previous levels of strength and stamina. Reno Orthopedic Clinic offers comprehensive treatment for a full range of traumatic injuries at multiple convenient locations in Reno, Sparks and Carson City. Amagnetic resonance image (MRI) scan is an alternative to CT and may give a clearer picture of damage. A high ISS (>25) can be used to identify a patient at high risk. Pelvic trauma: WSES classification and guidelines. This involves long screws inserted into the bones from the sides and a large external frame. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal Symptoms are usually of sudden pain during a sudden powerful movement. Initial treatment is with pain relief and bed rest, followed by mobilisation. Following a hip fracture, patients should usually be treated with a . Only 3% of bone fractures that adults experience are pelvic fractures. In these cases, the success in treating the pelvic fracture often depends on the success of treating the related injuries. There are three types of surgery commonly used for an unstable pelvic fracture: After surgery, you may remain in a hospital or inpatient rehab center for several weeks. Pelvic fracture symptoms depend on the severity of the break but can include groin pain and trouble walking. The elderly population is currently the fastest growing sector in America. Loss of Ambulatory Independence Following Low-Energy Pelvic Ring Fractures. Back pain is a common complication, especially when the SI joint is damaged either directly or indirectly. Bone fractures can put a lot of stress on the body which means the body needs extra nutrition to help the healing process. Our Research and Education in Hip and Pelvic Fractures. This is where a muscle pulls away from a small section of bone. The pelvis is a ring of bone at hip level, made up of several separate bones. government site. They may include: There may also be visible signs of bleeding. Patient data were then stratified by age for comparison: young (< 55 years) and elderly (> or = 55 years). Theyll perform an X-ray and advise you on next steps. Pelvic Fractures. A. The bones that make up your pelvis include: Together, these bones form whats known as the pelvic ring. (2022). The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the . Treatment for pelvic fractures can be non-surgical or surgical depending on the stability of the broken bone and whether the fracture is displaced or not. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. Pelvic ring fractures in the elderly. Extensive surgical experience can be helpful in achieving a good result and avoiding complications. Management of Pelvic Ring Injury Patients With Hemodynamic Instability. Studies show that receiving treatment for a geriatric hip fracture within 24 hours of injury significantly decreases the risk of complications, resulting in a better outcome for your loved one. They may result in prolonged immobilization, complications and an intense rehabilitation process. Read our editorial policy. Pelvic fractures therefore range enormously in severity, from fairly minor to life-threatening. Your pelvis is the area of your body below your abdomen thats located between your hip bones. MeSH Methods and data: From September 2017 to February 2021, 135 older individuals with fragility fractures of the pelvis were admitted . How are unstable and major pelvic fractures treated? This means the bones are weaker and may fracture more easily. The hip bones, which include the ilium, ischium and pubis. This is because shock can initially prevent you from feeling pain. Age greater than 60 years in patients with significant . J Trauma. Mild pelvic fractures are more common in older people because they are more likely to have bone-weakening disorders such as osteoporosis. Avulsion fractures are particularly common in sporty teenagers. Knowledge of these injury patterns leads to prompt identification and diagnosis of other subtle injuries and associated complications at pelvic radiography and cross-sectional imaging, allowing the orthopedic surgeon to apply corrective . The only predictor of mortality was age. Physical therapy is important following both hairline pelvic fractures and unstable pelvic fractures. Geriatr Orthop Surg Rehabil. Pelvic ring fractures are rare injuries in the elderly though the incidence is increasing due to the increasing age of the population. While in the hospital, it is your right as a patient to request the physician you think best to treat your injury. In most cases, these are fixed with plates and screws. 2016 Jan;30(1):22-8. doi: 10.1097/BOT.0000000000000443. The location of the fracture helps determine the best treatment options. 34. Pain may be in the pelvis, groin, back, tummy (abdomen), or down the legs. The surgeon will decide which is best for each injury pattern. Significantly more of the elderly group had a diagnosis of cardiovascular disease (43.9% vs 10.1%, P <.001) and diabetes mellitus (10.5% vs 2.4%, P <.014). Until 10 to 15 years ago, the prevailing attitude of many orthopedic surgeons involved in the management of severe pelvic disruptions was one of conservatism. Ukai K, Rahman R, Yagi N, Hayashi K, Maruo A, Muratsu H, Kobashi S. Sci Rep. 2021 Jun 3;11(1):11716. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-91144-z. For patients with an unstable pelvic or displaced acetabular fracture (2 mm) who can endure surgery, open reduction and internal fixation can provide adequate fixation for early weight-bearing and restoration of the bone stock. Hermans E, Edwards MJR, Goslings JC, Biert J. J Orthop Surg Res. Its important to see your healthcare provider as soon as possible even if you think you have a mild pelvic fracture. Cleveland Clinic is a non-profit academic medical center. Forteo (Teriparatide/Eli Lily) has been on the market since 2002 for the treatment of osteoporosis. This most commonly occurs at bottom of the ischium where the big hamstring muscles are attached, or on the front of the ilium where one of the large quadriceps muscles attaches. Does physical therapy help you heal faster? Forteo is expensive, but can shorten the length of nursing home stays, especially in patients with slow-healing fractures. Symptoms of an unstable pelvic fracture include: If you have osteoporosis, youre at an increased risk of both stable and unstable pelvic fractures, because your bones are less dense and more prone to breakage. I'm wondering whether it requires stitches or will butterfly stitches at home be fine?? The low-energy fractures of the pelvic rami that occur in the elderly are classified as lateral compression type 1 lesions, and these always accompany sacral compression fractures on the side of the impact (Young et al. Elderly patients with lateral compression pelvic ring fractures involving the sacrum have high risk for complications and mortality. This scan is called dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA - formerly DEXA). Sports involving repeated impact, such as running or jumping, carry the highest risk. Strengthen the bone with rehabilitative exercises. The pelvis is the sturdy ring of bones located at the base of the spine. Most patients will be placed on a blood thinner to avoid clots for 2-6 weeks. Twelve (30%) patients required blood transfusion (mean 10 units) during the first 24 hours. . They usually affect the pubic bone and cause exercise-related pain which gets gradually worse, but they do not usually prevent exercise. Cover it with a towel before you apply it. Postoperative x-ray of pelvic fracture repair. Pelvic fracture. The external fixator acts as a stabilising frame to hold the bones in proper position. Data retrieval included: demographics, shock (BP < 90 mm Hg) on admission, injury . The pelvis connects the spine to the legs, so it helps us walk upright and keeps our whole body connected and stable. Kugelman DN, Fisher N, Konda SR, Egol KA. Most people who experience pelvic fracture walk again after a few months. Other investigations may include blood tests to assess the degree of blood loss and the function of the liver and kidneys, and testing of the urine to look for damage to the bladder. Most pelvic fractures are stable: Stable fracture:the broken bones are still properly lined up, so that the ring has kept its shape. These fractures are typically displaced, which means the ends of the bones dont line up properly. Your healthcare team will help you manage your pain. Geriatr Orthop Surg Rehabil. (2008). A pelvic fracture is also suspected if you have had a lesser injury but there is pelvic bone tenderness, difficulty walking or any loss of sensation in the lower part of the body. Three hundred five patients sustained a pelvic fracture (young [n = 248, 81.3%]; elderly [n = 57, 18.7%]). Osteoporotic pelvic fractures. A lateral compression fracture pattern was more common in elderly individuals who sustained a pelvic fracture, who also had longer hospital stays and who died despite vigorous resuscitation. It is a ring structure made up of three bones that are joined together by very strong ligaments. Avoid nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs until hemorrhage has been excluded, as this is the most common cause of mortality in patients with pelvic fracture. A fracture completely through the bone and where the bone is not lined up correctly will take a lot longer to heal and most likely be at the far end . Mild and stable pelvic fractures can usually heal without medical intervention such as surgery. This is open surgery, performed under anaesthetic. Traction bed closed reduction and intramedullary nail internal fixation have become the main treatment modalities [].Although the majority of fractures can be successfully reduced after abduction, external rotation, adduction and internal rotation of the hip with traction . Disclaimer. Advertising on our site helps support our mission. J Trauma. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. Cutting down or quitting smoking and tight blood sugar control if you are a diabetic is important for the healing process. . Less severe fractures which involve undisplaced fractures can occur after falls or trips, particularly if the bones are 'thin' (osteoporosis). Accessibility What are the symptoms of pelvic avulsion fractures? We examined a consecutive series of 50 elderly patients with apparently "stable" fractures of the pelvic rami by . Wheelchair cushions are a must for all patients, and especially for those sitting on pelvic and hip fractures. Motor vehicle collision was the most common mechanism of injury (elderly = 68.4%; young = 73.8%). Severe and unstable pelvic fractures that are caused by high-impact events such as car accidents could result in complications such as severe bleeding and organ and/or nerve damage. There is tenderness in the groin and pain during leg movement. Types of surgery recommended. Before During these procedures, surgeons use plates, screws, and other stabilizing materials to keep the bones together while they heal. 2020 Nov 12;7:588845. doi: 10.3389/fsurg.2020.588845. Epub 2020 Jul 31. They project out of the skin on both sides of the pelvis where they are attached to carbon fibre bars. Without treatment, a unstable fracture presents a bad prognosis. Reviews of two large trauma registries found the incidence of pelvic ring fractures among admitted trauma patients to be 8 and 9.3 percent, respectively [ 9,15 ]. 2018 Apr 13;13(1):83. doi: 10.1186/s13018-018-0793-2. Bones lose density as you age, so older adults are more prone to hairline fractures of all kinds. These fractures usually result from high energy injuries such as car accidents or falls from a height in younger patients and most often from falls in the elderly patient. government site. Getting the pelvis fixed and stable is very important both for pain control and for the long-term results of your treatment. Enninghorst N, Toth L, King KL, McDougall D, Mackenzie S, Balogh ZJ. Inverse association between sarcopenia and displacement in the early phase of fragility fractures of the pelvis. 2019 Sep 25;10:2151459319878101. doi: 10.1177/2151459319878101. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. FOIA We avoid using tertiary references. Bookshelf Last medically reviewed on January 20, 2023. Doctors usually prescribe 'blood thinners' (anticoagulants)to reduce the risk of blood clots forming in the veins of your legs and pelvis. Since your pelvis is made of multiple bones, there are many types of pelvic fractures. 1. They may also involve direct damage to the internal organs. Some of the most common risks associated with pelvic fracture surgery include: Most people with a broken pelvis take about 4-6 months to heal. Anyone can experience a pelvic fracture at any age. X-rays provide images of bones and in the case of the pelvis, they are usually taken from a number of different angles, so that doctors can check whether (and how much) the bones are out of line. Quality of life and psychological consequences in elderly patients after a hip fracture: A review. Their mean age was 65.8 years (range 55-87 years). The incidence of acetabular fractures in the elderly population is increasing [].While management of acetabular fractures in young patients following high-energy trauma is well described, treatment of the elderly patient subgroup is complex and requires a unique approach [].The objective of this article is to review the current literature in order to assess the challenges associated with . Upgrade to Patient Pro Medical Professional? Assess your symptoms online with our free symptom checker. Lateral compression was the most common fracture pattern in both groups (elderly = 54.4%; young = 45.6%). 2021 Oct;52(10):2738-2745. doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2020.02.096. I have split an old scar between my thumb and forefinger. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies Background:Pubic rami fragility fractures are common in older people and result in significant morbidity and increased mortality. This may get better as exercise continues but be worse afterwards. Pelvic fractures in severely injured elderly: a double-adjustment propensity score matched analysis from a level I trauma center. Treatment for pelvis fracture can take a variety of forms. Learn more about these serious fractures, how theyre treated, and what to expect. Careers. If you have a pelvic fracture, it may be helpful to ask your healthcare provider the following questions: Even though your pelvis is a strong and stable bone structure, it can break. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. Eighty-seven percent of patients were women. Learn more about our research and professional education opportunities. Registered in England and Wales. Which bones are displaced and how much they are displaced. They are uncommon in the pelvis, although more common in women and those with 'thinning' of the bones (osteoporosis). Henry SM, Pollak AN, Jones AL, Boswell S, Scalea TM. In 28.8% of the cases a fracture of the acetabulum was found additionally to the pubic rami. These fractures usually heal by themselves over 4-6 weeks. Wrap an ice pack in a towel and gently hold it against the affected hip. Pelvic fracture signs and symptoms can include: Experiencing pain in your groin, hip and/or lower back. 2017 Jan 1812:5. doi: 10.1186/s13017-017-0117-6. Aggressive return to activity too early can result in re-fracture, hardware breakage or nonunion. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. These fractures may be either displaced or nondisplaced and generally involve both anterior and posterior elements of the pelvis. Your doctor may decide to put you on a blood thinner after surgery for 2-6 weeks depending on your risk factors. Some patients find if they try to keep one hip or knee bent this can ease the pain. The most important nutrients in healing bones are Protein for growth and repair of cells and tissues: meat, poultry, fish, eggs, legumes (peas, beans, lentils, dahl), cheese, milk and yoghurt. Breuil, V. et al. Pelvic fractures in the elderly can be detrimental. Stress fractures of the pelvis are easy to miss as the pain may be quite hard to locate. Some types of fractures allow for immediate weight bearing while others do not. An official website of the United States government. Bruising and swelling over the pelvic bones. Schedule an appointment with one of our specialty-trainedTrauma and Fracture doctorsto talk through your options. Major pelvic fractures are caused by major trauma such as road traffic accidents, crush injuries (for example, being run over by a car or rolled on by a horse) and falls from height. An avulsion fracture happens when a tendon or ligament tears away from the bone its attached to, taking a small fragment of bone with it. Egton Medical Information Systems Limited has used all reasonable care in compiling the information but make no warranty as to its accuracy. Severe pelvic fractures are most common in people aged 15 to 28 years. Here, well discuss the symptoms of both hairline pelvic fractures and more serious unstable pelvic fractures. Accessibility Symptoms of a hairline pelvic fracture include: Minor pelvic fractures can sometimes cause only mild pain and may go undetected for many weeks or months. The greatest risk is due to immediate blood loss, particularly in the period before emergency care begins. Unstable pelvic fractures often involve severe bleeding, which may be internal. . The most common treatment is surgery. Pelvic fractures, whether stable or unstable, can also be divided into 'open' fractures, in which injuries to the skin mean that the broken bones are visible, or 'closed' fractures, in which the skin is not broken. Bleeding can track out to the skin in several places, some of which are more likely to be visible than others. How are pelvic avulsion fractures treated? In need of an orthopedic specialist? Occasionally, pelvic fractures are treated with skeletal traction alone but this is unusual. Epub 2011 Feb 23. . Pelvic fractures in elderly patients result in high morbidity and mortality rates. Careers. Complications associated with a broken hip can be, The glycemic index (GI) is a value used to measure how much a specific food increases your blood sugar levels. Main goal of treatment is the quickest possible re-mobilization to prevent side-effects of immobilization such as osteopenia, pulmonary infections or thromboembolic events.Jun 3, 2019 Prognosis of acute pelvic fractures in elderly patients. Pelvic ring fractures in the elderly are associated with high morbidity during standard conservative treatment due to immobility. Altogether, 29 patients (73%) underwent non-surgical management of their pelvic fracture. If an older adult is in pain after a fall, they may need to be encouraged to get treatment. Most surgeries to fix a broken hip take place 1 to 3 days after the break. Pelvic fractures can be severe . Hip and pelvic fractures can result in sciatic . (2017). Pelvic fractures caused by high-force or high-speed injuries are often unstable and they need urgent hospital treatment. The complications are usually a result of nerve and/or organ damage that was caused by the pelvic fracture(s). They often take about 6-8 weeks to heal. Therapies such as heat and ice, massage, acupressure, and acupuncture aid in relieving pain and reducing inflammation after an injury or surgery. For the purposes of this review, low energy and pelvic insufficiency . Kugelman DN, Fisher N, Konda SR, Egol KA. Ask if there is any pain anywhere, particularly in their chest, tummy (abdomen) or hips. Registered number: 10004395 Registered office: Fulford Grange, Micklefield Lane, Rawdon, Leeds, LS19 6BA. Pelvic avulsion fractures (in which a fragment of bone is broken off by the pull of a muscle) and pelvic stress fractures (hairline cracks which do not extend all the way across the bone) are also types of stable pelvic fractures. Most lesions represented transforaminal sacral fractures, Symptoms typically consist of a dull pain that is difficult to localise at first. Many of the important leg muscles and abdominal muscles attach to the pelvis and allow for body motion and function. Feeling the Pinch: What Does a Pinched Nerve Feel Like? AP and lateral compression fractures are divided into types 1, 2, and 3, with increasing degrees of severity. If the injury is serious, leaving a fractured pelvis to heal without treatment could be life . Depending on health and injury pattern this bone can take 3-4 months to heal without surgery. Coccolini F, et al. The following imaging tests can be used to diagnose a pelvic fracture: Treatment for a pelvic fracture depends on certain factors, including: Treatment for mild and stable fractures in which your bones arent displaced usually doesnt involve surgery. and transmitted securely. browse our specialists. 2019 Oct 22;20(1):466. doi: 10.1186/s12891-019-2839-y. Differentiation of these injuries can be complex and these injuries can be treated by an orthopedic trauma specialist at the Reno Orthopedic Center in Reno, Sparks, or Carson City. Genitourinary injuries in pelvic fracture morbidity and mortality using the National Trauma Data Bank. They also presented with an increased sagittal malalignment and a lack of lumbar lordosis due to the double-level listhesis and greater knee flexion (mean SD, 10.1 5. . After pain has receded, our physical . Mild, stable pelvic fractures usually heal well with treatment without long-term complications. Initially, a therapist will use manual therapy to maneuver your muscles and joints. A hip fracture is a break in the upper portion of the femur (thighbone). How serious is a pelvic fracture in the elderly? The purpose of this study was to examine the age-related outcome in patients after blunt pelvic injury. Injury. Dr. Susan Bukata and Dr. J. Edward Puzas, at the University of Rochester Medical Center in New York, recently found that Forteo, a genetically engineered fragment of human parathyroid hormone, can be used to speed fracture healing and reduce intense pain from pelvic and other slow-healing or non-healing fractures. The site is secure. Source: https://www.epainassist.comA pelvic fracture or fractured pelvis is a condition which occurs due to a crack or a break in any of the three bones that. Since your pelvis protects many important nerves, blood vessels and organs, your healthcare provider will want to make sure you dont have any other internal injuries from the fracture. Statistical analysis was performed using the Student t test, Wilcoxon rank-sum test, multiple logistic regression analysis, and chi-square test with significance set at P <.05. Some pelvic fractures involve breaking more than one of the bones, and these are particularly serious as the bones are more likely to slip out of line. Bed rest will help protect your pelvis while the fracture heals. All rights reserved. What is bone density? The main aims of treatment of an unstable pelvic fracture are first to stabilise the pelvis and prevent further blood loss, then to keep the bones still to allow healing. Indeed, all ruptures at the level of the pelvic ring cause significant bleeding. You will be seen regularly by physiotherapists who will try to help you keep muscle strength and joint mobility whilst you are not able to weight bear. A hairline fracture, also called a stress fracture, is a small crack or deep bruise within a bone.

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